Glossary

Passpoint / Hotspot 2.0

Passpoint, also known as Hotspot 2.0, is a Wi-Fi Alliance certification based on IEEE 802.11u that lets devices discover, securely authenticate to, and roam between participating WiFi networks automatically, with no captive portal or manual sign-in.

Passpoint, also called Hotspot 2.0, is a Wi-Fi Alliance certification that lets devices join participating WiFi networks automatically and securely, with no captive portal, password entry, or network picking. A device carrying a Passpoint profile recognises a compatible network, authenticates silently, and connects with full over-the-air encryption - the WiFi equivalent of a phone roaming onto a partner mobile network.

How it works

Passpoint is built on IEEE 802.11u. Before associating, the device uses ANQP (Access Network Query Protocol) to ask the network who it is and which identity providers it trusts. If an installed profile matches, the device authenticates over WPA2- or WPA3-Enterprise using an EAP method (EAP-TTLS, EAP-TLS, or EAP-SIM/AKA for mobile-operator offload), typically against RADIUS infrastructure. The profile is provisioned once - via an app, an operator, or a one-time portal visit - and every later connection is automatic.

Passpoint vs captive portal

  • Experience: Passpoint is invisible and instant; a captive portal interrupts with a sign-in page.
  • Security: Passpoint traffic is encrypted in the air; open portal networks generally are not.
  • Marketing: the portal's interruption is the venue's data-capture and branding moment. With Passpoint, that exchange happens once, at profile provisioning, not on every visit.

They are not mutually exclusive: a venue can run a portal for first-time guests and offer a Passpoint profile to regulars, keeping the splash page touchpoint while giving frequent visitors seamless reconnection.

OpenRoaming

OpenRoaming, run by the Wireless Broadband Alliance, is a global federation built on Passpoint: identity providers (device makers, operators, apps) and network operators agree common terms, so a device with one OpenRoaming-linked identity can join thousands of venues worldwide automatically. Adoption is growing in stadiums, airports and city networks, though the everyday hospitality hotspot remains portal-based for now.

Related

Related terms

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